Latest Publications
Engineered Second-Order Nonlinearity in Silicon Nitride.
We overcome this drawback and demonstrate a successful induction of χ(2) in Si3N4 through electrical poling with an externally-applied field to align the Si-N bonds. This alignment breaks the centrosymmetry of Si3N4, and enables the bulk χ(2). The sample is heated to over 500°C to facilitate the poling. The comparison between the EO responses of poled and non-poled Si3N4, measured using a Si3N4 micro-ring modulator, shows an enhancement in the amplitude of the measured EO responses as well as a remarkable improvement in its speed from 3GHz to at least 15GHz (3dB bandwidth) after the poling, which confirms the χ(2) nature of the EO response induced by poling.
Adiabatic Frequency Conversion
Changing the frequency of light outside the laser cavity is essential for an integrated photonics platform, especially when the optical frequency of the on-chip light source is fixed or challenging to be tuned precisely. To[...]
Automated System for the Detection of 2D Materials Using Digital Image Processing and Deep Learning
We develop an intelligent algorithm to detect monolayers of WSe2, MoS2 and h-BN autonomously using Digital Image Processing and Deep Learning with high accuracy rate, avoiding human interaction and any additional characterization tests.
On-Chip Weak Value Amplification
Weak value amplification is a technique that allows interferometric signal enhancement without amplifying technical noises. We implement weak value amplification on an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer by spatial and temporal phase engineering of the optical wave in waveguides. We achieve 7 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement over standard integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (equal detected optical power) in a heat-induced phase shift measurement. Also, by adding ring resonator to the weak value interferometer as dispersive element, we detect an optical frequency shift down to 2 kHz.
Fiber-to-Chip Fusion Splicing for Low-Loss Photonic Packaging
We present a robust, low-loss packaging technique of permanent optical edge coupling between a fiber and a chip using fusion splicing that is low-cost and scalable for high-volume manufacturing.
Publications
2023
- Granados-Baez, A. Mukherjee, L. Qiu, C. Chakraborty, A. N. Vamivakas, and J. Cardenas, “Characterization of the on-chip cavity coupled emission of 2D materials at room temperature,” 13(4), 843 – 849 (2023).
- Y. Zhang, J. Nauriyal, M. Song, M. Granados-Baez, X. He, T. MacDonald, and J. Cardenas, “Engineered second-order nonlinearity in silicon nitride,” 13(1), 237 – 246 (2023). Preprint: arXiv:2210.09374.
2022
- X. He, L. Cortes-Herrera, K. Opong-Mensah, Y. Zhang, G. P. Agrawal, and J. Cardenas, “Electrically induced adiabatic frequency conversion in an integrated lithium niobate ring resonator,” Opt. Letters, 47(22), 5849 – 5852 (2022). 10.1364/OL.473113.
- J. Sanchez-Juarez, M. Granados-Baez, A. Aguilar-Lasserre, and J. Cardenas, “Intelligent decision support system to optimize 2D materials detection using digital image processing and deep learning,” Opt. Mat. Express 12(5), 1856 – 1868 (2022).
- J. Steinmetz, K. Lyons, M. Song, J. Cardenas, and A. N. Jordan, “Enhanced on-chip frequency measurement using weak value amplification,” Opt. Express 30(3), 3700 – 3718 (2022). Preprint: arXiv:2103.15752.
2021
- L. Cortes-Herrera, X. He, J. Cardenas, and G.P. Agrawal, “Design of an X-cut thin-film lithium niobate waveguide as a passive polarization rotator,” Opt. Express 29(26), 44174 – 44188 (2021).
- M. Song, J. Steinmetz, Y. Zhang, J. Nauriyal, K. Lyons, A. N. Jordan, and J. Cardenas, “Enhanced on-chip phase measurement by inverse weak value amplification,” Nature Comms. 12(1), 1-7 (2021).
- J. Guimbao, L. Sanchis, L.M. Weituschat, J. M. Llorens, M. Song, J. Cardenas, and P.A. Postigo, “Machine learning optimization of a nanophotonic cavity for near unity photon indistinguishability at room temperature,” arXiv:2110.15000 (2021)*.
- L. Cortes-Herrera, X. He, J. Cardenas, and G. P. Agrawal, “Coupled-mode theory of the polarization dynamics inside a microring resonator with a uniaxial core,” Phys. Rev. A 103 (6), 063517 (2021).
- S. Roberts, X. Ji, J. Cardenas, M. Corato-Zanarella, and M. Lipson, “Measurements and modeling of atomic-scale sidewall roughness and losses in integrated photonic devices,” arXiv:2105.11477 (2021)*.
2020
- A. Mohanty, Q. Li, A. M. Tadayon, S. P. Roberts, G. R. Bhatt, E. Shim, X. Ji, J. Cardenas, S. A. Miller, A. Kepecs, and M. Lipson, “Reconfigurable nanophotonic silicon probes for sub-millisecond deep-brain optical stimulation,” Nature Biomedical Engineering, 1-9 (2020). Pre-print: arXiv:1805.11663
2019
- S. Saini, S. Preble, M. Popović, J. Cardenas, A. Kost, E. Verlage, G. Howland, and L. C. Kimerling. “Integrated photonics and application-specific design on a massive open online course platform,” In Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, p. 11143_151. Optical Society of America, 2019.
- J. Nauriyal, M. Song, R. Yu, and J. Cardenas, “Fiber-to-chip fusion splicing for low-loss photonic packaging,” Optica 6, 549 – 552 (2019).
2018
- J. Nauriyal, R. Yu, M. Song, and J. Cardenas, “Fiber to chip fusion splicing for robust, low loss photonic packaging,” arXiv:1810.09531 (2018).
- Y. Okawachi, M. Yu, J. Cardenas, X. Ji, A. Klenner, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Carrier envelope offset detection via simultaneous supercontinuum and second-harmonic generation in a silicon nitride waveguide,” Opt. Lett., 43(19), 4627-4630 (2018).
- A. Dutt, C. Joshi, X. Ji, J. Cardenas, Y. Okawchi, K. Luke, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “On-chip dual-comb spectroscopy,” Sci. Adv. 4(3), e1701858 (2018).
- A. Mohanty, Q. Li, M. A. Tadayon, G. Bhatt, E. Shim, X. Ji, J. Cardenas, S. A. Miller, A. Kepecs, and M. Lipson, “A reconfigurable nanophotonics platform for sub-millisecond, deep brain neural stimulation,” arXiv:1805.11663 (2018).
2017
- R. Fain, F. Barbosa, J. Cardenas, and M. Lipson, “Photonic needles for light delivery in deep tissue-like media,” Sci. Rep. 7, 5627 (2017).
- S. A. Miller, M. Yu, X. Ji, A. G. Griffith, J. Cardenas, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Low-loss silicon platform for broadband mid-infrared photonics,” Optica 4, 707-712 (2017).
- X. Ji, F. AS. Barbosa, S. P. Roberts, A. Dutt, J. Cardenas, Y. Okawachi, A. Bryant, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Ultra-low-loss on-chip resonators with sub-milliwatt parametric oscillation threshold,” Optica 4, 619-624 (2017)
- S. A Miller, M. Yu, X. Ji, A. G. Griffith, J. Cardenas, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Low-Loss Silicon Platform for Broadband Mid-Infrared Photonics,” arXiv:1703.03517, 2017.
- Y. Okawachi, M. Yu, J. Cardenas, X. Ji, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Coherent, directional supercontinuum via cascaded dispersive wave generation,” arXiv:1708.03717 (2017).
- Y. Okawachi, M. Yu, J. Cardenas, X. Ji, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Coherent, directional supercontinuum generation,” Opt. Lett., 42(21), 4466-4469 (2017).
2016
- A. Dutt, C. Joshi, X. Ji, J. Cardenas, Y. Okawachi, K. Luke, A. L. Gaeta, M. Lipson, “On-chip dual comb source for spectroscopy,” arXiv:1611.07673, 2016.
- X. Ji, F. AS. Barbosa, S. P Roberts, A. Dutt, J. Cardenas, Y. Okawachi, A. Bryant, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Breaking the loss limitation of on-chip high-confinement resonators,” arXiv:1609.08699, 2016.
- A. Griffith, M. Yu, Y. Okawachi, J. Cardenas, A. Mohanty, A. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Coherent mid-infrared frequency combs in silicon-microresonators in the presence of Raman effects,” Opt. Express 24, 13044-13050 (2016).
- A. Griffith, M. Yu, Y. Okawachi, J. Cardenas, A. Mohanty, A. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Raman-assisted coherent, mid-infrared frequency combs in silicon micro resonators,” arXiv:1604.06436v1 (2016).
- A. Dutt, S. Miller, K. Luke, J. Cardenas, A. Gaeta, P. Nussenzveig, and M. Lipson, “Tunable squeezing using coupled ring resonators on a silicon nitride chip,” Opt. Lett. 41, 223-226 (2016).
2015
- M. Zhang, S. Shah, J. Cardenas, and M. Lipson, “Synchronization and Phase Noise Reduction in Micromechanical Oscillator Arrays Coupled through Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 163902 (2015).
- J. Cardenas, M. Yu, Y. Okawachi, C. Poitras, R. Lau, A. Dutt, A. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Optical nonlinearities in high-confinement silicon carbide waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 40, 4138-4141 (2015).
- C. T. Phare, Y-H. D. Lee, J. Cardenas, and M. Lipson, “Graphene electro-optic modulator with 30 GHz bandwidth,” Nat. Photon. 9, 511–514 (2015).
- S. L. Mouradian, T. Schröder, C. B. Poitras, L. Li, J. Goldstein, E. H. Chen, M. Walsh, J. Cardenas, M. L. Markham, D. J. Twitchen, M. Lipson, and D. England, “Scalable integration of long-lived quantum memories into a photonic circuit,” Phys, Rev. X 5, 031009 (2015).
- M. Zhang, S. Shah, J. Cardenas, and M. Lipson, “Synchronization and phase noise reduction in micromechanical oscillators arrays coupled through light,” arXiv:1505.02009, 2015.
- A. Griffith, R. K. W. Lau, J. Cardenas, Y. Okawachi, A. Mohanty, R. Fain, Y-H. D. Lee, M. Yu, C. T. Phare, C. B. Poitras, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Silicon-chip mid-infrared frequency comb generation,” Nat. Commun. 6:6299 (2015).
- B. Stern, X. Zhu, C. Chen, L. Tzuang, J. Cardenas, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “On-chip mode-division multiplexing switch,” Optica 2, 530-535 (2015).
- B. Stern, X. Zhu, C. P. Chen, L. D. Tzuang, J. Cardenas, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Integrated switch for simultaneous mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM),” arXiv:1502.04692 (2015).
2014
- C. T. Phare, Y-H. D. Lee, J. Cardenas, and M. Lipson, “30 GHz zeno-based Graphene electro-optic modulator,” arXiv:1411.2053 (2014).
- S. Miller, K. Luke, Y. Okawachi, J. Cardenas, A. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “On-chip frequency comb generation at visible wavelengths via simultaneous second- and third-order optical nonlinearities,” Opt. Express 22, 26517-26525 (2014).
- J. Cardenas, C. B. Poitras, K. Luke, L. W. Luo, P. A. Morton and M. Lipson, “High coupling efficiency etched facet tapers in silicon waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26(23), 2380-2382 (2014).
- S. L. Mouradian, T. Schroder, C. B. Poitras, L. Li, J. Goldstein, E. H. Chen, J. Cardenas, M. L. Markham, D. J. Twitchen, M. Lipson, and D. Englund, “The scalable integration of long-lived quantum memories into a photonic circuit,” arXiv:1409.7965 (2014).
- A. Griffith, R. K. W. Lau, J. Cardenas, Y. Okawachi, A. Mohanty, R. Fain, Y-H. D. Lee, M. Yu, C. T. Phare, C. B. Poitras, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Silicon-chip mid-infrared frequency comb generation,” arXiv:1408.1039 (2014).
2013
- B. Guha, J. Cardenas, and M. Lipson, “Athermal silicon microring resonators with titanium oxide cladding,” Opt. Express, 21, 26557-26563 (2013).
- J. Cardenas, P. A. Morton, J. B. Khurgin, A. Griffith, C. B. Poitras, K. Preston, and M. Lipson, “Linearized silicon modulator based on a ring assisted Mach Zehnder interferometer,” Opt. Express, 21, 22549-22557, (2013).
- J. Cardenas, M. Zhang, C. T. Phare, S. Y. Shah, C. B. Poitras, and M. Lipson, “High Q SiC microresonators,” Opt. Express, 21 (2013).
2012
- A. Griffith, J. Cardenas, C. Poitras, and M. Lipson, “High quality factor and high confinement silicon resonators using etchless process,” Opt. Express 20, 21341-21345 (2012).
- P. A. Morton, J. Cardenas, J. B. Khurgin and M. Lipson, “Fast thermal switching of wideband optical delay line with no long-term transient,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lets. 24 (6,) 512-514 (2012).
- A. Johnson, Y. Okawachi, J. Levy, J. Cardenas, K. Saha, M. Lipson, and A. Gaeta, “Chip-based frequency combs with sub-100 GHz repetition rates,” Opt. Lett. 37, 875-877 (2012).
2011
- L. Luo, G. Wiederhecker, J. Cardenas, C. Poitras, and M. Lipson, “High quality factor etchless silicon photonic ring resonators,” Opt. Express 19, 6284-6289 (2011).
2010
- J. Cardenas, M. Foster, N. Sherwood-Droz, C. Poitras, H. Lira, B. Zhang, A. Gaeta, J. Khurgin, P. Morton, and M. Lipson, “Wide-bandwidth continuously tunable optical delay line using silicon microring resonators,” Opt. Express 18, 26525-26534 (2010).
2008
- J. Noh, R. Anderson, S. Kim, J. Cardenas, and G. Nordin, “In-plane photonic transduction of silicon-on-insulator microcantilevers,” Opt. Express 16, 12114-12123 (2008).
2006
- Y. Lin, J. Cardenas, S. Kim, and G. Nordin, “Reduced loss through improved fabrication for single air interface bends in polymer waveguides,” Opt. Express 14, 12803-12813 (2006).
- L. Li, J. Cardenas, J. Jiang, G. Nordin, “Compact integrated depolarizer for IFOG,” Opt. Eng. 45 (5), (2006).
2004
- J. Cardenas, L. Li, S. Kim, and G. Nordin, “Compact low loss single air interface bends in polymer waveguides,” Opt. Express 12, 5314-5324 (2004).
